Real-time portable system for fabric defect detection using an ARM processor

Modern textile industry seeks to produce textiles as little defective as possible since the presence of defects can decrease the final price of products from 45% to 65%. Automated visual inspection (AVI) systems, based on image analysis, have become an important alternative for replacing traditional inspections methods that involve human tasks. An AVI system gives the advantage of repeatability when implemented within defined constrains, offering more objective and reliable results for particular tasks than human inspection. Costs of automated inspection systems development can be reduced using modular solutions with embedded systems, in which an important advantage is the low energy consumption. Among the possibilities for developing embedded systems, the ARM processor has been explored for acquisition, monitoring and simple signal processing tasks. In a recent approach we have explored the use of the ARM processor for defects detection by implementing the wavelet transform. However, the computation speed of the preprocessing was not yet sufficient for real time applications. In this approach we significantly improve the preprocessing speed of the algorithm, by optimizing matrix operations, such that it is adequate for a real time application. The system was tested for defect detection using different defect types. The paper is focused in giving a detailed description of the basis of the algorithm implementation, such that other algorithms may use of the ARM operations for fast implementations

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Characterization of Architectural Distortion in Mammograms

En Mamografía suele evaluarse la presencia o posibilidad de cáncer de seno mediante signos como calcificaciones, masas, asimetría bilateral y distorsión arquitectural, este último de difícil identicación debido a la compleja distribución de los tejidos en la mama, siendo frecuentemente pasado por alto. La distorsión arquitectural se caracteriza por un patrón espiculado que define la malignidad de la lesión. Muchos de los trabajos realizados para caracterizar la distorsión arquitectural llevan la imagen entera a otro espacio en donde los patrones pueden ser discriminados. En esta tesis se presenta un método novedoso que utiliza información en el espacio de la imagen, en la cual primero se seleccionan manualmente las regiones de interes que son pre procesadas para mejorar sus detalles visuales. Después, la caracterización de la AD se realiza mediante la representación lineal de la saliencia en las regiones de interes (ROI) como un gráfo cuyos nodos corresponden a los píxeles a lo largo del borde de la ROI y cuyos arcos corresponden a las integrales de intensidad a lo largo de la ruta de conexión de cualquier par de nodos. Un conjunto de vectores propios obtenido de la matriz de adyacencia se utiliza para extraer coeficientes discriminantes que representen aquellos nodos con las íneas mas sobresalientes. Una reducción de dimensionalidad se logra adicionalmente mediante la selección del par de nodos con mayor contribución para cada uno de los vectores propios calculados. El conjunto de las líneas principales sobresalientes se ensambla como un vector de características que se introduce a una Maquína de soporte vectorial (SVM). Los resultados experimentales se realizan con dos bases de datos de referencia, el cojunto de datos MIAS y la base de datos DDSM, demostrando que el método propuesto tiene un buen desempeño en términos de precisión y sensibilidad. El enfoque se evaluó con un conjunto de 246 ROI extraidas de la base DDSM (123 normales y 123 controles) y un conjunto de 38 ROI de la base de datos MINIMIAS (19 normales y 19 controles), respectivamente. Los resultados de la clasificación mostraron respectivamente, tanto para ambas bases de datos una precisión del 89,02% y el 86,89 %, una sensibilidad del 85,37% y el 84,21 %, y una tasa de especificidad del 92,68% y 89,47 % respectivamente.Abstract. In mammography is usually evaluated the presence or possibility of breast cancer by using signs such as calcifications, masses, bilateral asymmetry and architectural distortion, being commonly overlooked. The architectural distortion is characterized by spiculated patterns that define the disease malignancy level, making it difficult to identify by such complex distribution of breast tissues. Most of existing methods characterize the architectural distortion by transforming the entire image to an alternative space, in which such complex patterns may be discriminated. In this thesis, we present a novel method that uses information in the image space, in which a region of interest is firstly selected to be preprocessed to enhance visual details. Afterward AD characterization is done by representing the linear saliency in mammography Regions of Interest (ROI) as a graph whose nodes correspond to those pixels along the ROI boundary and whose edges stand for the line intensity integrals along the path connecting any pair of nodes. A set of eigen-vectors from the adjacency matrix is then used to extract discriminant coefficients that represents those nodes with higher salient lines. A dimensionality reduction is further accomplished by selecting the pair of nodes with major contribution for each of the computed eigen-vectors. The set of main salient lines is then assembled as a feature vector that inputs a conventional Supported Vector Machine (SVM). Experimental results with two benchmark databases, the MIAS and DDSM database, demonstrate the proposed method performs well in terms of accuracy. The approach was evaluated with a set of 246 ROI extracted from the DDSM (123 normal and 123 AD) and a set of 38 ROI from the MINIMIAS collections (19 normal and 19 AD) respectively. The classification results showed respectively for both databases an accuracy rate of 89,02% and 86,89 %, a sensitivity rate of 85.37% and 84,21 %, and a specificity rate of 92.68% and 89,47 %.Maestrí

Procesamiento de imágenes bajo Windows CE utilizando el procesador ARMv 41

En este artículo se presenta una metodología para el desarrollo de aplicaciones en dispositivos embebidos y móviles para el procesamiento digital de imágenes. Se muestra un ejemplo de desarrollo de una máscara sobel para detección de bordes aplicada sobre la imagen de Lena en el dispositivo Zeus Epic 520 que cuenta con el procesador ARMV4I con sistema operativo Windows CE

Fast texture evaluation of textiles using the GLBP technique in GPU architecture

Commonly, visual inspection tasks in the textile industry are performed by human experts. The major drawback of this type of inspection is the human subjectivity, which affects accuracy and repeatability. Objectivity, accuracy and repeatability can be achieved by analysing visual characteristics of the products using computer vision. Particularly, automatic real time inspection systems based on texture analysis can be implemented using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) techniques. A recent variation of the LBP techniques, named Geometric Local Binary Pattern (GLBP) technique, showed an increase in the performance for detecting small changes of local texture. In this paper a real time implementation of the algorithm is presented by using a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). The LBP and GLBP techniques are compared in terms of speed and accuracy while implemented on a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and GPU environments. Algorithms are tested for detecting defects in fabrics as well as for evaluating global deviations of texture, which are due to the degradation of the surface in carpets. Results show that higher discriminant power between similar textures is obtained when using the GLBP technique

Fast texture evaluation of textiles using the GLBP technique in GPU architecture

Commonly, visual inspection tasks in the textile industry are performed by human experts. The major drawback of this type of inspection is the human subjectivity, which affects accuracy and repeatability. Objectivity, accuracy and repeatability can be achieved by analysing visual characteristics of the products using computer vision. Particularly, automatic real time inspection systems based on texture analysis can be implemented using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) techniques. A recent variation of the LBP techniques, named Geometric Local Binary Pattern (GLBP) technique, showed an increase in the performance for detecting small changes of local texture. In this paper a real time implementation of the algorithm is presented by using a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). The LBP and GLBP techniques are compared in terms of speed and accuracy while implemented on a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and GPU environments. Algorithms are tested for detecting defects in fabrics as well as for evaluating global deviations of texture, which are due to the degradation of the surface in carpets. Results show that higher discriminant power between similar textures is obtained when using the GLBP technique.Commonly, visual inspection tasks in the textile industry are performed by human experts. The major drawback of this type of inspection is the human subjectivity, which affects accuracy and repeatability. Objectivity, accuracy and repeatability can be achieved by analysing visual characteristics of the products using computer vision. Particularly, automatic real time inspection systems based on texture analysis can be implemented using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) techniques. A recent variation of the LBP techniques, named Geometric Local Binary Pattern (GLBP) technique, showed an increase in the performance for detecting small changes of local texture. In this paper a real time implementation of the algorithm is presented by using a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). The LBP and GLBP techniques are compared in terms of speed and accuracy while implemented on a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and GPU environments. Algorithms are tested for detecting defects in fabrics as well as for evaluating global deviations of texture, which are due to the degradation of the surface in carpets. Results show that higher discriminant power between similar textures is obtained when using the GLBP technique.P

Anuario del Centro de Estudios Martianos (Vol. 25 2002)

El Anuario del Centro de Estudios Martianos es la publicación insignia de esta institución y heredera directa del Anuario Martiano de la Biblioteca Nacional José Martí, que se publicó entre 1969 y 1977, bajo la dirección del poeta y ensayista Cintio Vitier.<br> Desde que salió a la luz su primera entrega, en 1978, se han publicado treinta y cinco números, en los que aparecen artículos y ensayos de importantes estudiosos de la vida y obra del Apóstol, en Cuba y el resto del mundo.<br> En sus secciones fijas (Otros textos de José Martí, Documentos, Estudios y aproximaciones, Vigencias, Publicaciones, Bibliografía, Constante) y los apartados especiales, los lectores pueden conocer disímiles temas del quehacer martiano internacional, en el año que termina además de mantenerse al tanto de las últimas contribuciones de los promotores e investigadores de la obra martiana en el orbe

Anuario del Centro de Estudios Martianos (Vol. 18 1995)

El Anuario del Centro de Estudios Martianos es la publicación insignia de esta institución y heredera directa del Anuario Martiano de la Biblioteca Nacional José Martí, que se publicó entre 1969 y 1977, bajo la dirección del poeta y ensayista Cintio Vitier. Desde que salió a la luz su primera entrega, en 1978, se han publicado treinta y cinco números, en los que aparecen artículos y ensayos de importantes estudiosos de la vida y obra del Apóstol, en Cuba y el resto del mundo. En sus secciones fijas (Otros textos de José Martí, Documentos, Estudios y aproximaciones, Vigencias, Publicaciones, Bibliografía, Constante) y los apartados especiales, los lectores pueden conocer disímiles temas del quehacer martiano internacional, en el año que termina además de mantenerse al tanto de las últimas contribuciones de los promotores e investigadores de la obra martiana en el orbe